7.Chemical Management
A. Procurement
Chemicals should be purchased from the Chemistry Stockroom located in the Science Research and Teaching Center (SRTC) whenever possible. Purchasing chemicals through the chemistry stockroom provides labs with the price discount typically seen with purchasing large containers without having overstock in labs, which often leads to spoilage. All chemicals purchased through the stockroom will be given an inventory tag and a proper label (Section 7.E.). Charges will be made to labs through the PSU invoicing system using a lab/department’s applicable index/budget code.
When chemicals are not available from the Chemistry Stockroom they may be ordered directly from the supplier but must be delivered to the Chemistry Stockroom. Upon receipt chemicals will be entered into the Portland State University Chemical Inventory, EHS Assistant (EHSA) (see Section 7.C.), properly labeled (Section 7.E.), and the purchaser notified. The chemical may then be collected from the Chemistry Stockroom by the purchaser following the chemical transportation policy (Section 7.F.).
Labs operating at the Robertson Life Sciences Building (RLSB) are subject to OHSU policies for ordering and delivery at that location. Chemicals delivered to RLSB teaching laboratories and research laboratories will be covered by the OHSU chemical hygiene plan and will be managed by the OHSU chemical inventory and management system.
The purchase of some chemicals is subject to more stringent restrictions:
Strong Acids and Bases. To ensure that all strong acids and bases on campus as stored in appropriate containers, these must be purchased from the Chemistry Stockroom. Ordering strong acids and bases directly from the supplier is forbidden.
Osmium Tetroxide (OsO4). The purchase of osmium tetroxide requires prior approval from EHS.
Formaldehyde (CH2O). The purchase of formaldehyde, formalin solution, and/or paraformaldehyde requires a notification be sent to EHS. All lab members who have the potential to be exposed to any of these chemicals are required to take annual formaldehyde specific training through EHS.
Benzene (C6H6). The purchase of benzene requires additional training that can be obtained through EHS.
Hydrofluoric Acid (HF). Hydrofluoric acid must not be purchased unless by EHS or Chemistry Stockroom. The use of hydrofluoric acid on campus is limited to approved locations. In addition to annual training provided by EHS, each lab will need to create their own Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), using the template provided by EHS. General information on the use of HF on campus can be found here: Hydrofluoric Acid.
Chemicals may also be obtained as gifts from other laboratories. In these cases it is best practice for the chemical to remain in its original container and returned to the original owner after use. If the chemical is permanently transferred from one laboratory to another, this change must be logged in the PSU Chemical Inventory system (see Section 7.C.). If a sample of the chemical is transferred to a new container and taken to a new laboratory then the new container must be appropriately labeled (see Section 7.E.) and logged in to the PSU Chemical Inventory, EHSA (see Section 7.C.).
B. Storage
Chemicals should always be returned to their proper storage position immediately after use. Work spaces should remain clear of clutter. All chemicals must be stored appropriately. In particular, attention must be paid to chemical compatibility in storage. For example: acids and bases; oxidizing agents and reducing agents; oxidizers and peroxide formers should be stored in separate locations. Contact EHS for specific storage recommendations for certain combinations.
The quantity of chemical materials stored in the laboratory environment should be kept to the minimum practical levels possible. In special circumstances, the chemistry stockroom may be used as a repository for larger quantities of material. It should be borne in mind that as chemical age they can degrade to more hazardous substances and therefore the duration of chemical storage in laboratory space should be minimized. A particularly important example of this is peroxide formers which can become dangerously unstable if peroxide levels rise. Peroxide formers must be tested for the presence of peroxide on an at least a 3-monthly basis. Any peroxide former that is found to test positive for peroxides must be removed from the laboratory through the submission of “waste pick-up request” with EHS (see Section 7.D.)– which should describe how to do this an include a link) Any peroxide former that is more than 2-years old will automatically be collected by EHS for disposal as laboratory waste. Peroxide formers include:
Diethyl ether
Tetrahydrofuran
Dioxane
Methyl butyl ether
Dibutyl ether
2 methyl THF
This is not intended to be an exclusive list. An exhaustive list as well as more information related to peroxide former use and testing requirements on campus can be found here: Organic Peroxides and Peroxide Forming Compounds.
All flammable substances should be stored in a flammable storage cabinet with an automatically closing door mechanism. Flammable substances that requires storage at either 4 or -20 °C must be stored in an appropriate spark suppressed (or flammable storage) fridge or freezer. Any potentially explosive material requires storage at either 4 or -20 °C must be stored in an explosion proof fridge or freezer. Flammable solvents, that are generally stored in larger quantities, should be stored in a vented flammable storage cabinet with an automatic closing mechanism.
All chemicals must be stored in cabinets or on shelves that have a lip or other tipping prevention measure. All chemicals must be stored in secondary containment. Where tipping prevention measures are unavailable or is impractical, secondary containment may be used as an alternative. Hazardous gases must be stored in cabinets specifically designed for the storage of hazardous gases.
Storage containers:
Bottles and other containers should be selected with the contents of the containers in mind. All concentrated acids must be stored in PVC/plastic coated bottles. Lids should be lined with material compatible for the reagent stored within.
Integrity of containers:
Regular maintenance should be carried out on all storage cabinets and the contents held within. Lids and bottles should be inspected at least monthly for integrity. Bottles should be free of cracks and kept clean of drips.
C. Inventory and Access to SDS
All chemicals must be entered into the Portland State University Chemical Inventory, EHS Assistant. It is the responsibility of personnel within each laboratory to ensure that this inventory is kept up to date by removing used chemicals from the database.
Chemical Inventory Management:
A full inventory check should be completed at least once every two years.
The EHSA database can be located at this URL: https://dillon.psu.ds.pdx.edu/ehsa/ and is available through the PSU single-sign-on (SSO), which requires DUO two factor authentication. Remote use will need to use VPN access. Instructions for logging on from on-campus and off campus are included in the SOP's/manual. This is a living document that will help you to accomplish key tasks in EHSA, including adding personnel to your laboratory (in EHSA) and managing chemical inventory.
To assist EHS and the stockroom, labs are required to send all chemical order confirmations that include chemicals to ehsaorders@pdx.edu. You must also include a list of which lab members will be using each chemical for the chemical hazard assessment. When placing an order please choose a PO # that corresponds to the PI, as well as the end user whenever possible. When placing multiple orders in a day please put a number after your initials. For example, if the PI name is John Smith and the graduate student who will be using the ordered chemical’s name is Jane Bennet, a PO # could look like:
JS12102020JB1
(PI initials) (Date ordered)-(Graduate student initials)(# if you have multiple orders)
For informational videos on how to access the EHSA chemical inventory system, please select from the following:
Logging in and viewing your inventory in EHSA
Searching for a chemical in EHSA
Removing a chemical in EHSA
Safety Data Sheets (SDS):
SDS’s are available for all commercially available chemicals on campus through the EHSA chemical inventory management system's SDS Hub. Laboratory workers can access the database and search for the chemical being used. It is the responsibility of all laboratory workers to review SDSs prior to using any chemical and being familiar with, at a minimum: personal protective equipment (PPE) recommendations, potential health hazards (if known), and spill clean-up procedures that are unique to the chemical being used. SDS’s are not required to be available in hard-copy format, though for frequently used chemicals this is recommended.
D. Unwanted Chemicals and Waste Disposal
Used chemicals should be placed into closed containers labeled either “Organic Waste” or “Aqueous Waste”. Care should be taken when disposing of used oxidizers as these can react, potentially violently with other chemicals. Used oxidizers should be placed in a separate waste container labeled “Oxidizer Waster”. Used chemicals containing heavy metals should also be placed in a separate waste container labeled “Heavy Metal Waste”. All other used chemical for which water is the solvent should be placed in the “Aqueous Waste” container. All other waste should be placed in the “Organic Waste” container. The disposal of unwanted chemicals should be undertaken with care as there is always a risk of adverse reactions between the unwanted material and substances already present in the waste container.
Used solid chemicals should not be placed in the same container as liquid waste. Solid chemical waste should be placed in an appropriate container with a Hazardous Waste label on the container and properly filled out, including: date started, approximate percentages of constituents, and checked boxes for known hazards of the chemical(s) in the waste.
The quantity of unwanted chemicals in the laboratory should be kept to a minimum by regular waste collection. Unwanted chemicals are removed upon request by EHS. To request a waste pick-up laboratory staff must submit a work order through the Facilities Department Request Portal. EHS will not pick up waste without a properly completed Hazardous Waste label.
E. Labeling
All chemical containers must have a clear and securely attached label identifying the contents of the container. Chemicals from a commercial supplier will be properly and securely labeled and should, where possible, be stored in the container in which they arrived. Chemicals transferred to dispensing containers must also be labeled.
When chemicals are in use, the container in which they are used/stored must be labeled so that a person reasonably skilled in the art can understand what is contained. Best practice is to generate a printed label for the chemical container. But it is most important that the container be labeled in a timely manner, for this reason two types of labels are permitted. The choice of labeling method should account for the environment in which the chemical will be stored, for example is the label appropriate for storage in a humid environment.
Temporary Chemical Labeling
It is recognized that in some circumstances it may not be practicable, or even necessary to generate a printed label for a chemical that may be retained for only a short time. In these circumstances a temporary label may be used. A marker pen may be used to write on the container. The temporary label must include the following information:
- the name, chemical structure and/or chemical composition of the contents
- the name or initials of the originator
- the date
Where appropriate it may include a lab notebook reference, but this may not substitute for a written description of the contents on the container.
The marker ink must then be covered by clear tape to prevent accidental removal of the label. Temporary labels should be checked for integrity on a regular basis and replaced if the label is becoming difficult to read.
Temporary chemical labels must be replaced with permanent chemical labels if the contents are to be retained after the originator of the contents leaves the university or laboratory. If not, they must be disposed of through chemical waste pick-up when the originator leaves the laboratory.
Permanent Chemical Labeling
Any materials that are to be retained in a laboratory for an extended period must be given a permanent label. Any chemical that is retained beyond the tenure of its originator must be labeled with a permanent label. A permanent chemical label is defined as one that uses a printed label such as those available by the Avery system. The Avery labeling system is supported by the Chemistry stockroom and allows clear labels to be printed on either Inkjet or Laser printers through a free online account. (Avery labels include special GHS compliant labels that are waterproof (but not solvent proof). Labels used for long term storage can be taped over to ensure longevity.) This system also allows the use of GHS symbols, the inclusion of which is encouraged where information about hazards is known/available. The printed label must include the following information:
- the date
- chemical name
- chemical structure and/or chemical composition of the contents
- GHS pictograms
- if desired, a lab notebook reference
These containers must be labeled, but are not required to be entered into the PSU Chemical Inventory.
Other items in lab spaces that require labels:
- Water
- Wash bottles (ex. Acetone, methanol, water…)
- Solutions during preparation (i.e. a flask containing a stirring solution)
- Waste
- As soon as a waste container is started, a “Hazardous Chemical Label” must be attached to the container. These labels can be obtained through EHS.
- You must include the date on the label as the day the container is started. More information on waste accumulation can be found in Section 7.D.
- The components section of the label should be filled in as waste is added to the container.
Avery labels include special GHS compliant labels that are waterproof (but not solvent proof). The online system through avery.com is a good resource for making labels. Labels used for long term storage can be taped over to ensure longevity.
F. Transportation
The purpose of this policy is to ensure the safety of personnel transporting chemicals, as well as anyone who might be affected by a problem occurring during such transport. These procedures are only for chemicals. If the samples contain biological materials, contact the Biosafety Officer. If the samples are radioactive, contact the Radiation Safety Officer.
F1. Transportation of Chemicals Within a Building (including between VSC and SRTC)
In VSC or SRTC chemicals should be delivered to the Chemistry Stockroom (1719 SW 10th Ave, room 260, Portland, OR, 97201). Chemicals delivered elsewhere must be brought to the Chemistry Stockroom to receive a proper inventory label.
Secondary containment must be used for the transportation of any chemicals. Chemicals may be transported in the packaging in which they were delivered. For other chemicals secondary containers (such as solvent and acid containers) may be borrowed from the Chemistry Stockroom. Bottles small enough to fall over inside secondary containers should have absorbent packing material around them to keep them upright. Ideal containment for chemicals (no longer in their original package) consists of a bucket with a lid containing some absorbent packing material. Personnel should have one free hand for navigating stairways, operating elevator buttons, and maintaining balance to prevent slips and falls. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn. Elevator should be utilized whenever possible, rather than using the stairs.
Those who find themselves needing to occupy both hands to carry their chemicals should use a cart to transport them. If a cart is required for transportation it should be leak-proof and have a lip to contain a potential spill and to prevent the container from slipping off.
Metal cans (standard ether cans, 20-L solvent cans, Just-Rite solvent dispensers) and chemicals in their original commercial package do not require secondary containers (the package acts as a secondary container). All refillable containers must be properly labeled. Liquid nitrogen Dewars, compressed gas cylinders, and lecture bottles do not require secondary containers. Dry ice may be transported in a single, sturdy, insulated container (preferably with a lid).
F2. Transportation of Chemicals Between Non-Adjacent Buildings
All procedures described in the above section must be followed, in addition to the following items. Chemicals must be transported in secondary containment with a lid (which can be provided by the stockroom in the form of a 5 gallon bucket with a lid).
Under no circumstances should a car, truck, or other vehicle be used to transport chemicals without EHS approval. If the vehicle is approved, all chemicals should still be transported within secondary containment (inside of the vehicle).
Transporting chemicals over public roadways is strictly regulated on many levels. If you need to transfer chemicals between the Main Campus at PSU and the RLSB Waterfront Campus or to off-campus locations, contact Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) for guidance.
The Department of Transportation (DOT) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) strictly regulates the shipment of many chemicals. If you need to ship a hazardous chemical, contact EHS.
F3. Transportation of Small Gas Cylinders
Small Gas Cylinders include: lecture bottles (typically 2-3 inches in diameter and 12-18 inches in height), propane tanks (up to 20 pounds in weight) and small standard high pressure cylinders (up to 7 inches in diameter and 17 inches in height).
Prior to moving any compressed gas cylinder the regulator must be removed, the valve closed and the valve cap is on. Small gas cylinders may be carried with no requirements for secondary containment and without a cylinder cart. Never drag or roll a cylinder horizontally.
Consult EHS to find out if the cylinder you would like to transport may be done so by PSU personnel.
F4. Transportation of Large Gas Cylinders
Large Gas Cylinder include: any gas cylinder not specifically designated (above) as a Small Gas Cylinder.
Prior to moving any compressed gas cylinder the regulator must be removed, the valve closed and the valve cap is on. Never drag, roll or store a cylinder horizontally. When transporting cylinders they must be secured by chain in a properly outfitted cylinder cart.
The only permissible method of transporting compressed gas cylinders by vehicle is in the supplier's truck. Consult EHS to find out if the cylinder you would like to transport may be done so by PSU personnel.